Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: The legacy of Africa's first elected female president
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf made history
as Africa's first elected female president, but also faced accusations
of corruption and nepotism. How will she be remembered?
Ms
Sirleaf's story is pitted with remarkable feats of defiance and courage,
entangled with accusations of corruption and nepotism.
Just days before she was due to step down from 12 historic years in power, she was expelled from her own political party. Some people hold her up as their saviour; others say she's just like all the rest.
"The
best thing she did is the peace she kept for us," said 22-year-old
Jenneh Sebo, who was sitting lazily in the scorching sun drumming down
on the capital Monrovia when I saw her ahead of the country's election
in October last year.
This is not an uncommon answer. Liberians went through 14 years
of barbaric, drug fuelled, chaotic war, where child soldiers carried out
the most unspeakable crimes. Myriad rebel groups reigned over towns and
cities with terror, stripping the country of any semblance of
infrastructure.
Hospitals, schools, roads and even lamp-posts
were destroyed; the latter out of a belief that enemy soldiers could
turn themselves into one. So to be thankful for peace is not a flippant
response.
However, 15 years on from the end of the war people have long begun
demanding more from their government. Jenneh, too young to remember much
of the fighting, was sitting in the sun because she did not have a job
and had not been in education since high school.
The same month,
on a grassy field opposite President Sirleaf's house in the more
affluent Sinkor area of Monrovia, hundreds of women dressed in white
danced to music blasting from massive speakers.
The musicians sang "We
want peace in Liberia, peace in Monrovia", the song Ivorian reggae star
Alpha Blondy wrote about their country during the war in 1992.
Many
of these women launched a mass peace movement in 2003 that helped
finally end war. They organised sex strikes, until their men put down
their arms. They forced a meeting with President Charles Taylor, getting
him to agree to go to Ghana for peace talks. Once there, they
surrounded the room threatening to take off their clothes until some
sort of peace deal was reached.
It was these women who then rallied the country to vote for Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in 2005.
"We
don't want no problem again," said 73-year-old Kula Freeman, who
remembers the war in all its graphic detail. "We don't want no wahala,"
her friend, 65-year-old Kwa Sheriff said, chipping in over her shoulder.
Wahala is the Liberian word used to describe anything from an argument
in the street to a full out war. They are both happy for the peace
President Sirleaf brought to the country.
Behind them, activist
Leymah Gbowee, who won the Nobel Peace Prize alongside President Sirleaf
in 2011, began rallying the ladies together. She was one of the key
figures who led the peace movement at the end of the war. Ms Gbowee said
Sirleaf will always be remembered for becoming the continent's first
elected female president. But for Ms Gbowee, that is all she has
achieved.
"In terms of delivering a women's agenda we really didn't see that," she said.
President Sirleaf is not a warm, cosy character and she certainly
didn't focus on women during her 12 years in power. However, the
Harvard-trained economist did erase nearly $5bn (£3.2bn) in debilitating
foreign debt after three years of being in office, paving the way for
foreign investment and boosting the annual government budget from $80m
to $516m by 2011.
But Ms Gbowee expected more for women.
"She's said she's not a feminist, that feminism is extremism," she exclaimed. "I say, well, if it is I'm a proud extremist."
Under
President Sirleaf's tenure a new, tougher rape law came into force but
was then amended, reducing the tough sentences and making it a bailable
offence.
Many thought a female president would pave the way for more women in
politics. Yet, not unlike the Thatcher era in the UK, Ms Sirleaf's
departure also marks the departure of women in power. Of 19 presidential
candidates there was only one woman, 40-year-old Macdella Cooper, a
former girlfriend of incoming President George Weah.
"She didn't have enough women in the house of parliament to help push bills to support women initiatives," said Cooper.
"Economically
she didn't have enough women to approve budgets or at least create and
craft budgets that will support women. So, she had her limitations."
Despite
sharing the title of Nobel Laureate, Ms Sirleaf and Ms Gbowee haven't
spoken since Ms Gbowee said she "criticised her government for
corruption and nepotism".
Ms Sirleaf has long come under fire for appointing three of her sons
to top government posts, something she has always defended. Up to 20
members of her family have had government positions at some point. As
for the charge of corruption, in 2006 Sirleaf declared corruption
"public enemy number one" only to be hit with a flurry of scandals.
Civil
servants routinely went unpaid; most notoriously health officials in
Lofa County in the north west of the country just as Ebola crept across
the border from Guinea. The devastating virus killed nearly 5,000
people, leaving the country reeling and its health system in tatters.
Despite
all this, Ms Sirleaf was a history-maker. Her presidency may have been
riddled with corruption and nepotism, but she proved to the world that a
woman can dismantle the patriarchal seat of power.
"One thing we can brag and boast of, she broke the glass ceiling," said Ms Gbowee.
"That's a huge inspiration for women."
BBC
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